Come il Cortisolo Disturba il Sonno e Cosa Suggeriscono le Evidenze
Il cortisolo segue un preciso ritmo circadiano e, quando tale ritmo viene alterato dallo stress cronico, il risultato può essere un sonno frammentato, risvegli nelle prime ore del mattino e un ciclo autorinforzante di disregolazione ormonale. Comprendere i meccanismi alla base di questa perturbazione indica strategie pratiche e basate sulle evidenze per ripristinare la normale architettura del sonno.
Creato con l'IALa relazione tra cortisolo e sonno non è casuale. Il cortisolo è un ormone con un ritmo giornaliero strettamente programmato e, quando tale ritmo viene alterato, le conseguenze si ripercuotono su quasi ogni aspetto della salute metabolica e neurologica. Per molte persone, l'esperienza di svegliarsi alle 2 o alle 3 di notte, vigili e incapaci di riprendere sonno, può essere un'espressione diretta di questa disregolazione ormonale piuttosto che un semplice problema comportamentale.
Creato con l'IAL'Architettura Circadiana del Cortisolo e la Sua Importanza per il Sonno
Il cortisolo non si mantiene a un livello fisso nel corso della giornata. Secondo Thomas DeLauer, segue una curva circadiana, salendo gradualmente a partire dalle 2 circa e raggiungendo il picco circa 30 minuti dopo il risveglio. Questo aumento mattutino è un evento fisiologico normale e necessario, che fornisce il segnale di allerta che aiuta il corpo a passare dal sonno alla veglia. La sera, al contrario, dovrebbe rappresentare il punto più basso di questa curva, quando il cortisolo scende abbastanza da permettere al sistema nervoso parasimpatico di dominare e al sonno di iniziare.
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